Ancient Greek Coins NGC VF Xerxes Artaxerxes I Achaemenid Silver Centuries A1078

Description: See my other items here. ATTENTION:Dear Customers, you will receive exactly the same item you see in the photos, not similar or otherwise. Please read the description carefully and review the photos. Persia. Achaemenid Empire. Sardinian. Time of Artaxerxes I to Xerxes II 455-420 BC. AR - 15mm, 5.48gGo to navigationGo Search"Persian Empire" redirects here. For other uses, see Persian Empire (disambiguation).Achaemenid Empire Xsaça550 BC–330 BC Banner of Cyrus the Great[a]The Achaemenid Empire at its greatest territorial extent, under the government of Dario I (from 522 B.C. to 486 BC.)ConditionEmpireCapitalBabylonPassargadiEcbatanaSusaPersepolis (ceremonial) Common languagesAntique Persian (Officialaramaic (Official, lingua franca)babylonianMediumgreekelamite Religion Zoroastrianism (official)babylonian religionAncient Egyptian ReligionVedic HinduismAncient Greek ReligionSecond Temple JudaismMany more GovernmentMonarchyRe o king of kings • 559–529 BC Cyrus the Great• 336–330 BC Dario IIIHistorical EraClassic Antiquity • blind revolt 550 BC• Conquest of Lydia 547 BC• Conquest of Babylon 539 BC• Conquest of Egypt 525 BC• Greco-Persian Wars 499–449 BC• Corinthian War 395–387 BC• Second Conquest of Egypt 343 BC• Fall in Macedonia 330 BCThe area500 BC5,500,000 km2 (2,100,000 sqm mi) The Achaemenid Empire (/əˈKiomənɪd/; Antique Persian: , Romanized: Xsaça, illuminated. 'The Empire'), also called the First Persian Empire, was an antique iranian empire in which he was based West Asia and founded by Cyrus the Great in 550 B.C. It has reached its maximum extension under Serse I, which conquered much of the north and center Ancient Greece. At its maximum territorial extent, the Achaemenid Empire extended from Balkans and Eastern Europe in the west at Indus Valley a est. The empire was larger than any previous empire in history, for a total of 5.5 million square kilometers (2.1 million square miles). The empire had its beginnings in the 7th century BC, when the Shutters settled in the southwestern part of the Iranian Plateau, in the region of Persis. From this region Cyrus arose and defeated the Middle Empire—of which he had previously been king—as well as Lydia and the Neo-Babylonian Empire, following which he formally established the Achaemenid Empire. The Achaemenid Empire is known for imposing a successful model of centralized and bureaucratic administration through the use of satrapi; its multicultural policy; infrastructure construction, such as road systems and a postal system; the use of an official language in its territories; and the development of civil services, including the possession of a large professional army. The successes of the empire inspired the use of similar systems in later empires. Alexander the Great, an ardent admirer of Cyrus the Great, conquered most of the Achaemenid Empire in 330 BC. Upon Alexander's death, most of the former territory of the empire fell under the rule of the Ptolemaic Kingdom and the Seleucid Empire. Iranian Central Plateau elites claimed power in the 2nd century BC. under the Empire of the Parties. Name The term achemenide means "of the family of Achaemeni/Achemenes" (Antique Persian: Haxāmaniš;[20] a bauvrihi compound which translates to "having a friend's mind").[21]Achemene was himself a minor ruler of the 7th century Anshan in southwestern Iran, and a vassal of Assyria.[22][dead connection] Around 850 BC the original nomadic populations that started the empire were called the Parsa and their ever-changing territory Parsua, mostly located around Persis.[16] The name "Persia" is a Greek and latino pronunciation of the native word referring to the country of origin Persis (Ancient Persian: , Parsa).[22] The persian finish Xsaça (), meaning "The Empire" was used by the Achaemenids to refer to their multinational status.[23] HistoryAchaemenid Timeline Dates are indicative, please see particular item for detailsOriginMain items: Achemene, Teispidi, and Achaemenid Family Tree Family tree of Achaemenid rulers. The Persian nation contains a number of tribes listed here. ... : i Pasargadi, Marafii, and Maspi, on which all other tribes depend. Of these, the Pasargadae are the most illustrious; they contain the Achaemenid clan from which the Perseid kings originated. Other tribes are the Panthialei, Derusiaei, Germanii, which are all attached to the ground, the rest-the Dai, Tuesday, Dropici, Sagarti, being nomadic. The Achaemenid Empire was created by nomads Shutters. The Persians were a Iranian people which came in what is today Iran c. 1000 BC and settled in a region that included northwestern Iran, the Monti Zagros and Persis next to the native elamiti. For several centuries they fell under the rule of the Empire Neo-Assiro (911–609 BC), based in the north Mesopotamia.[citation needed] The Persians were originally nomadic shepherds in the western Iranian plateau. The Achaemenid Empire was not the first Iranian empire, as the Medium, another group of Iranian peoples, founded a short-lived empire and played an important role in overthrowing the Assyrians. The Achaemenids were initially the rulers of the Elamite city of Anshan close to the modern city of Marvdasht; the title "King of Anshan" was an adaptation of the earlier Elamite title "King of Susa and Anshan". There are conflicting accounts of the identities of the early kings of Anshan. According to the Cyrus Cylinder (the oldest extant genealogy of the Achaemenids) were the kings of Anshan Tespe, Ciro I, Cambise I and Cyrus II, also known as Cyrus the Great, who created the empire (the next Behistun Inscription, written by Darius the Great, claims that Teispes was the son of Achemene and that Darius also descends from Teispes through a different line, but no previous text mentions Achimenes). In Herodotus' Story, writes that Cyrus the Great was the son of Cambyses I and Send media, the daughter of Astiage, the king of the Middle Kingdom. Training and expansionLearn more: Battle of the Persian Border, blind revolt, Battle of Pteria, Battle of Opis, Achaemenid Conquest of Egypt, Achaemenid Invasion of the Indus Valley, and Dario I's European Scythian Campaign Map of the Achaemenid Territory Expansion Process Cyrus rebelled against the Middle Empire in 553 BC. and in 550 B.C. managed to defeat the Medi, capturing Astiage and conquering the middle capital of Ecbatana. Once in control of Ecbatana, Cyrus called himself Astiage's successor and assumed control of the entire empire. Inheriting Astiage's empire, he also inherited the territorial conflicts the Medes had had with both Lydia and the Neo-Babylonian Empire. Re Croce of Lydia sought to take advantage of the new international situation by advancing into what had previously been middle territory in Asia Minor. Cyrus led a counterattack that not only repelled Croesus' armies, but also led to the capture of Sardi and the fall of the kingdom of Lydia in 546 BC. Ciro place Patti tasked with collecting tributes in Lydia and left, but once Cyrus left Pactyes he instigated a rebellion against Cyrus. Cyrus sent the middle general Mazzaro to cope with the rebellion, and Pactye was captured. Mazares, and after his death Arpago, set out to reduce all cities that had taken part in the rebellion. Lydia's submission lasted approximately four years in total. When power at Ecbatana shifted from the Medes to the Persians, many tributaries of the Middle Empire believed their situation had changed and rebelled against Cyrus. This forced Cyrus to fight wars against Battery and the nomad Saka in Central Asia. During these wars, Cyrus established several garrison cities in Central Asia, including the Cyprus Cyrus the Great it is said, in the Bible, to have freed the Jewishprisoners in Babylon to resettle and rebuild Jerusalem, earning a place of honor in Judaism. Nothing is known of Persian-Babylonian relations between 547 BC. and 539 BC, but it is likely that there were hostilities between the two empires for several years before the war of 540–539 BC. and the Fall of Babylon. In October 539 BC, Cyrus won a battle against the Babylonians at Opis, then took Sippar without fighting before finally capturing the city of Babylon on October 12, where the Babylonian king Nipple was taken prisoner. After taking control of the city, Cyrus portrayed himself in propaganda as the restorer of the divine order that had been interrupted by Nabonedus, who had promoted the cult of Sin rather than Marduk,[48][49][50] and has also portrayed himself as a restorer to the legacy of the Empire Neo-Assiro comparing to the Assyrian king Assurbanipal. The Hebrew Bible also unreservedly praises Cyrus for his actions in the conquest of Babylon, referring to him as Yahweh'S unto. He is credited with releasing people from Giuda from their exile and with permission to rebuild much of Jerusalem, including the Second Temple. The tomb of Cyrus the Great, founder of the Achaemenid Empire. In 530 BC, Cyrus allegedly died during a military expedition against the Massaged in Central Asia. He was succeeded by his eldest son Cambise II, while the youngest child Bardiya received extensive territory in Central Asia. In 525 B.C. Cambise had successfully subjugated Phoenicia and Cyprus and was making preparations to invade Egypt with the newborn navy persian. The Great Pharaoh Amasi II had died in 526 BC and had been succeeded Psalm III, resulting in defection of major Egyptian allies to the Persians. Psamtik has positioned his army at Lint in Nile Delta. He was sonically defeated by the Persians in Battle of Pelusium before escaping Menfi, where the Persians defeated him and took him prisoner. Herodotus paints Cambyses as an openly antagonist to the Egyptian people and their gods, cults, temples and priests, emphasizing in particular the murder of the sacred bull Api. He says these actions led to a madness that led him to kill his brother Bardiya (who Herodotus claims was killed in secret), his own sister-wifeand Croesus of Lydia. He then concludes that Cambyses completely lost his mind and all subsequent classical authors repeat Cambyses' themes of impiety and madness. However, this is based on spurious information, as the epitaph of Apis from 524 BC shows that Cambyses participated in the funeral rites of Apis calling himself pharaoh. After the conquest of Egypt, the libyans and the Greeks of Cyrene and Boat in present-day eastern Libya (Cyrenaica) surrendered to Cambyses and sent a tribute without a fight. Cambise then planned the invasions of Carthage, the oasis of Ammon and Ethiopia. Herodotus states that the naval invasion of Carthage was canceled because the Phoenicians, who constituted much of Cambyses' fleet, refused to take up arms against their own people, but modern historians doubt that an invasion of Carthage was ever planned. However, Cambyses devoted his efforts to the other two campaigns, with the aim of improving the Empire's strategic position in Africa by conquering the Kingdom of Meroë and taking strategic positions in western oases. To this end, he established a gasket at Elephantine composed mainly of Jewish soldiers, who remained stationed at Elephantine during the reign of Cambyses. The same invasions of Ammon and Ethiopia were a failure. Herodotus states that the invasion of Ethiopia was a failure due to the madness of Cambyses and the lack of supplies for his men, but archaeological evidence suggests that the expedition was not a failure and a fortress at the Second Nile Cataracts, on the border between Egypt and Kush, it remained in use throughout the Achaemenid period. The events surrounding Cambyses' death and Bardiya's succession are hotly debated as there are many conflicting accounts. According to Herodotus, since Bardiya's murder had been committed in secret, most Persians still believed he was alive. This allowed two Magi rise up against Cambyses, with one of them sitting on the throne able to impersonate Bardiya due to their remarkable physical resemblance and shared name (Smerdis in Herodotus' tales). Ctesia writes that when Cambyses had Bardiya killed he immediately put the magician Sphendadates in his place as the satrap of the Bactrian for a remarkable physical resemblance. Two of Cambyses' confidants then conspired to usurp Cambyses and put Sphendadates on the throne in Bardiya's guise. According to the Behistun Inscription, written by the next king Darius the Great, a magician named Gaumata impersonated Bardiya and incited a revolution in Persia. Whatever the exact circumstances of the uprising, Cambyses learned of it in the summer of 522 BC and began returning from Egypt, but was wounded in one thigh in Syria and died of gangrene, so the imitator of Bardiya became king. Darius' account is the first, and although later historians all agree on the key details of the story, which a magician impersonated Bardiya and ascended the throne, this may have been a story created by Darius to justify his own usurpation. Iranologist Pierre Briant speculates that Bardiya was not killed by Cambyses but waited until his death in the summer of 522 BC to claim his legitimate right to the throne as he was then the only male descendant of the royal family. Briant states that although the hypothesis of a Dario deception is generally accepted today, "nothing has been established with certainty at the present time, given the evidence available." The Achaemenid Empire at its fullest extent, c. 500 BC According to the Behistun Inscription, Gaumata reigned for seven months before being overthrown in 522 BC by Darius the Great (Darius I) (Ancient Persian Daryavuš, "holding the good still", also said Darayarahush). The Magi, although persecuted, continued to exist and a year after the death of the first pseudo-Smerdi (Gaumata), he saw a second pseudo-Smerdi (named Vahyazdāta) attempt a coup. The coup, although initially successful, failed. Herodotus writes that the native leadership discussed the best form of government for the empire. Since macedonian re Aminta I ceded his country to the Persians around 512–511, even Macedonians and Persians were no longer foreigners. The submission of Macedonia was part of the Persian military operations initiated by Darius the Great (521–486) In 513, after immense preparations, a huge Achaemenid army invaded the Balkans and tried to defeat l'europeo Scythian roaming north of Danube river. Darius' army subjugated several Popoli Thraci, and virtually every other region touching the European part of the Black Sea, as parts of today Bulgaria, Romania, Ukraine, and Russia, before returning to Asia Minor. Darius left in Europe one of his commanders named Megabazo whose task was to make conquests in the Balkans. Persian troops subdued the gold rich Thrace, the Greek coastal cities, and defeated and conquered the powerful Peonians.[82][84][85] Eventually, Megabazo sent envoys to Aminta, demanding acceptance of Persian rule, which the Macedonians did. The Balkans supplied many soldiers for the multi-ethnic Achaemenid army. Many members of the Macedonian and Persian elite married each other, such as the Persian official Bubari who married Aminta's daughter, Gygea. The family ties of the Macedonian rulers Aminta and Alexander they enjoyed with Bubares ensured them good relations with the Persian kings Darius and Xerxes the Great. The Persian invasion indirectly led to the rise to power of Macedonia and Persia had some common interests in the Balkans; with Persian help, the Macedonians would gain much at the expense of some Balkan tribes such as the Peons and Greeks. All in all, the Macedonians were "willing and helpful Persian allies. Macedonian soldiers fought against Athens and Sparta in the army of Xerxes the Great. The Persians referred to both the Greeks and Macedonians as Yauna ("Ions", their term for "Greek"), and to the Macedonians in particular as Yauna Takabara or "Greeks with hats that look like shields", perhaps referring to the Macedonian kausia hat. The Persian Queen Atossa, daughter of Cyrus the Great, sister-wife of Cambise II, Darius the Greatis the wife and mother of Xerxes the Great In the 5th century BC, the kings of Persia ruled or had subordinate territories that included not only all Persian Plateau and all territories previously held by Assiro Empire (Mesopotamia, the Lift, Cyprus and Egypt), but beyond that Anatolia and Armenia, as well as the South Caucasus and parts of the North Caucasus, Azerbaijan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, Bulgaria, Peony, Thrace and Macedonia north and west, most of the Black Sea coastal regions, parts of Central Asia as much as the Aral Lake, the Bone and Jaxartes to the north and northeast, the Hindu Kush and the western Indus basin (corresponding to modern Afghanistan and Pakistan) far east, northern parts Arabia south and eastern parts Libya (Cyrenaica) to the southwest, and parts of Oman, China and the United Arab Emirates.

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